SFTS: Tick-Borne Virus Transmission and Prevention Advice from the Division of General Communicable Diseases
2024-04-03 14:25:29
The Division of General Communicable Diseases, Department of Disease Control, reveals information on SFTS or tick-borne viruses. After Japan encountered human-to-human transmission
As previously reported by the Japanese News Agency, Japan’s National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID) found a virus infection transmitted by ticks. From the patient to the attending physician The patient later died and was diagnosed with SFTS, which is the first such infection from person to person. Until the question arose: In Thailand, how is this disease monitored?
Most recently on April 3, Division of General Communicable Diseases, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health. Reveal information about the disease “General knowledge and advice on Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), stating background and general information.
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is
-Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) or Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus (SFTSV) does not yet have an international name. But it is popularly called SFTS and/or SFTSV, which are diseases that Caused by a type of virus Tick-borne Currently, there is no name for it in Thai. The name Tick Virus Disease has been used in mainstream media and online media, but it has not been officially designated as a disease name by the relevant agencies.
-SFTS is a disease caused by infection with an RNA virus. The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses has assigned it to the genus Bandavirus in the family Phenuiviridae. It is not a new strain of virus and is not an emerging infectious disease. From a review of the literature, it was found that SFTSV infection is most common in 3 countries: China, Japan, and South Korea. For Thailand There have been reports of patients in 2019 and 2020.
-SFTSV is transmitted by ticks (ticks), which are important vectors of disease. Some patients had a history of being bitten by a tick before symptoms developed and SFTSV could be detected in ticks and animals in the patient’s living area. Animals that harbor the disease include goats, sheep, pigs, cows, buffalo, dogs, chickens, some birds, rats, and various types of wild animals. But there is no evidence of disease causing in animals.
-Contact to humans: SFTSV is transmitted by ticks (ticks), which are important vectors of disease. Some patients have a history of being bitten by a tick before developing symptoms. This type of infection has a cycle of contact between ticks and host animals, including goats, sheep, pigs, cows, buffalo, dogs, chickens, some types of birds, rats, and various types of wild animals. which can contact people There is no evidence of disease in animals or transmission. From person to person, there is still no clear evidence. But there have been reports of the disease occurring in the same family. and have a history of previous contact with patients Symptoms of the disease have occurred. The report states that the risk is exposure to blood (Blood or blood respiratory secretion) of the patient through the epithelium in the nose, mouth, or eyes, and wounds in the skin.
-Clinical features of SFTS such as fever, muscle pain, vomiting, loose diarrhea, and low platelets detected. In the event that the disease has Severity: Patients may have symptoms of multiple organ failure (Multiple Organ Failure), such as bleeding in the liver and kidneys. Heart and lung function fail. Including symptoms of abnormalities in the central nervous system (CNS). An average death rate of approximately 20% has been reported.
-Diagnosis Detection of virus by virus isolation and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) (in blood, urine, Throat swab) and detection of IgM and IgG antibodies (in serum).
-Patients infected with this virus Symptoms and signs are similar to those of dengue fever and Chikungunya fever, thus often creating confusion in diagnosing the disease.
-Treatment is treatment according to symptoms. Currently, there is no specific medicine for this disease.
advice
– For medical personnel Care for patients to follow thorough infection control measures, including the use of face shields to prevent blood and secretions from the patient. The treating physician should make a differential diagnosis of this disease. Especially patients with fever combined with thrombocytopenia and no infection of dengue fever, rheumatoid arthritis, and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes detected. Disease reporting in the surveillance system must be reported through the Event base surveillance system. of the Epidemiology Division, Department of Disease Control
– For the general public Avoid tick bites. Avoid contact with animals that harbor disease, including goats, sheep, pigs, cows, buffalo, dogs, chickens, some birds, rats, and various types of wild animals. Avoid forested and shrubby areas with tall grass and leaves. to avoid Increases your chances of coming into contact with ticks.
– For travelers
Before traveling
– If you have plans to travel to Areas with cases such as China (central and eastern), Japan (west), and rural areas of South Korea recommend checking the disease situation in the area you will travel to. or follow the announcement Recommendations from the Department of Disease Control Ministry of Public Health
– If you have plans to travel in the forest Hunting or camping where there is a risk of tick bites You should prepare insect repellent that contains DEET with a concentration of not less than 20 percent. Wear clothing that covers your body. Or consider using clothes and equipment such as boots, camping equipment Coated with permethrin (Permethrin)
– Prepare basic self-protection equipment, such as a face mask. Alcohol gel for washing hands, equipment for cleaning wounds, etc.
– Recommend purchasing health insurance in advance before traveling.
During the trip
– By avoiding forested areas and bushes with tall grass and leaves. This is to avoid increasing your chances of coming into contact with ticks.
– Avoid contact with animals that harbor disease, including goats, sheep, pigs, cows, buffalo, dogs, chickens, some birds, rats and various types of wild animals.
– Take a shower immediately after returning to the accommodation. (Within two hours of returning to your residence.) Showering may help wash off the ticks. It can be removed including checking for ticks on the body such as under the arms, in and around the ears, inside the navel, behind the knees, in the hair, between the legs, around the waist.
– Observe your own unusual symptoms. If initial symptoms include fever, muscle pain, vomiting, loose diarrhea, see a doctor immediately. Isolate yourself from close people.
– It is recommended to purchase health insurance in advance before traveling.
after returning from travel
– In case you have abnormal symptoms consistent with SFTS symptoms such as fever, muscle pain, vomiting, diarrhea, please see a doctor immediately and inform the doctor about your travel history.
– Observe symptoms closely If you feel unwell or have initial symptoms such as fever, muscle pain, vomiting, diarrhea, please see a doctor immediately and inform the doctor about your travel history.
** This document was created for quick communication. Information may change according to the situation. Please check the current information. Additional information
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8310018/
https://www.pidst.or.th/A581.html
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